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- <text id=91TT0559>
- <title>
- Mar. 18, 1991: No Fuel Like A New Fuel
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Mar. 18, 1991 A Moment To Savor
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 66
- No Fuel Like A New Fuel
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Environmentalism and war spur a race for gasoline alternatives
- </p>
- <p> With its sleek, windswept contours, General Motors' two-seat
- Impact looks like any number of trendy sports cars. But the
- Impact is like no other vehicle on the road. It doesn't have
- a gas tank. It uses little oil. And it gets 120 miles with each
- fill-up. Miles ahead of its time, the Impact is an electric car
- that runs on 32 10-volt batteries. Since it burns no fuel, no
- tail pipes emit noxious fumes into the atmosphere. Though the
- car is experimental, GM last week announced it would produce
- it in a plant that can turn out 25,000 autos a year, signaling
- the company's most ambitious venture yet in electric vehicles.
- </p>
- <p> With the Persian Gulf crisis as a fresh reminder that oil
- supplies are uncertain, interest in alternative fuels for
- vehicles is suddenly stronger than it has been in years. From
- automakers to energy companies, the race to develop a clean and
- dependable substitute for gasoline is in full gear. Chrysler
- recently unveiled a battery-powered prototype of its popular
- minivan. GM is experimenting with automobiles that run on
- methanol, a form of alcohol that comes from such sources as
- coal and wood. United Parcel Service recently tested delivery
- trucks that burn propane rather than gasoline. Mercedes-Benz
- has developed a prototype car that runs on hydrogen.
- </p>
- <p> Perhaps the most promising alternative is compressed natural
- gas, or CNG. Although it yields lower mileage than gasoline,
- CNG is 20% cheaper overall because it burns cleaner and causes
- less wear on engine parts. The U.S. is virtually
- self-sufficient in the fuel, supplying nearly 95% of its needs.
- Modifying cars to run on CNG is much easier than adapting them
- to electric power: through replacement of the carburetor and
- fuel system, existing autos can be converted to burn CNG at a
- cost of about $2,000. Carmakers can build CNG-fueled vehicles
- from scratch without major retooling. GM plans to manufacture
- about 1,000 pickup trucks that run on natural gas this spring,
- its first such vehicles.
- </p>
- <p> Energy companies have been reluctant to invest in CNG
- fueling facilities because there were no vehicles to use them.
- Carmakers haven't built the vehicles because consumers wouldn't
- buy a car they couldn't refuel. Only about 250 U.S. service
- stations sell CNG (110,000 sell gasoline), but that could
- change, believes John Watson of Mitchell Energy in Houston.
- Says he: "The potential is great, but the people who will
- invest to build the infrastructure have to be convinced it's a
- winner. GM will be an impetus."
- </p>
- <p> The history of alternative fuels is spotty at best. After
- the 1970s oil shocks, many auto and oil companies started
- ambitious programs to develop domestic alternatives to
- gasoline, but most of the projects withered as crude prices
- declined. The driving force this time around -- new passion for
- the environment -- may be more durable.
- </p>
- <p> Before CNG, electricity or hydrogen can be considered a
- serious alternative to gasoline, the driving public must be won
- over. That job may seem tough, says Wall Street energy analyst
- Charles Earle. But take heart. Back when cars were powered by
- coal-fired steam boilers, he points out, people "once thought
- it wasn't possible for cars to run on gasoline either."
- </p>
- <p>By Thomas McCarroll. Reported by Joe Szczesny/Detroit and
- Richard Woodbury/Houston.
- </p>
- <p>
- EASING GAS PAINS
- </p>
- <p> Natural Gas
- </p>
- <p> Compressed natural gas is for now the most practical
- alternative to gasoline. It is abundant and price competitive;
- cars need not be radically modified to use it.
- </p>
- <p> Hydrogen
- </p>
- <p> Hydrogen is the cleanest but most expensive substitute
- liquid fuel. Because of its cost it is probably not a feasible
- alternative until sometime in the next century.
- </p>
- <p> Electricity
- </p>
- <p> Electric-powered vehicles may be best for the environment,
- but they won't be feasible until the batteries weigh less and
- the vehicles' range and speed are greater. The needed research
- should take a decade.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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